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hybrid cars
Gasoline powered cars are just what their name implies. They use an internal combustion engine run by gasoline as its power source. Each vehicle has a fuel tank which provides the engine with a supply of gasoline to power the transmission which turns the wheels.

Pros of Gasoline Powered Vehicles

Gasoline powered vehicles can operate for greater distances that an electric car. A full tank of gasoline will take the vehicle three to five times further than an electric vehicle.

In terms of energy, gasoline puts out much more energy for its weight than a battery. One gallon of gasoline weighs only seven pounds, while it takes a thousand pound battery to provide the same amount of energy.

Gasoline powered vehicles are much more powerful and can achieve greater speeds to keep up with traffic.

Gasoline powered vehicles are available in a wide variety of models and sizes. They range from small compact cars to pickup trucks, SUV’s and luxury cars. There is no end to the variety and price range available. There is also a wide variety of engine choices available from a small four-cylinder economy car to a high powered V-8 engine and beyond.

Cons of Gasoline Powered Vehicles

Recently there has been a surge in the price of gasoline, and filling the gasoline tank in an automobile was downright painful.

A combustion engine is not energy efficient and consumes a great deal of fuel.

The combustion engine emits toxic emissions that accounts for most of the pollution expelled into our atmosphere. This is having a negative effect on our environment.

Electric Powered Vehicles

An electric powered vehicle is different from a gasoline powered vehicle in that it has a battery which provides the power to an electric motor. This electric motor then powers the transmission which turns the wheels.

Pros of an Electric Car

Owing to the fact that this system uses no gasoline or fossil fuels, it is not producing toxic emissions that pollute the atmosphere. This is is a great benefit to our environment.

Even thought there is a high cost to the battery pack, using electric power is lower in cost than the prices at the fuel pumps.

Cons of an Electric Car

The battery powers the car for shorter distances than a tank of gasoline.

It takes several hours for the battery to recharge.

Electric cars are not as fast as gasoline powered cars, and are limited to slow speed driving.

Hybrid Cars – The Best of Both Worlds

Hybrid cars combine both types of engines to achieve the best performance. They use both electric motors and a combustion engine to provide power for the vehicle.

Hybrid cars can operate on either the electric engine or the combustion engine. If the need arises, they can also run on both engines, taking best advantage of either of the systems.

Combining the advantages of both engines can provide a hybrid car with optimum fuel efficiency and performance that equals or can exceed its non-hybrid counterpart.

At higher speeds when the vehicle is using the combustion engine, the vehicle does emit toxic emissions, so a hybrid car is best utilized for slower speed conditions. It is ideal for city driving were most of the driving is at slower speeds.

As more and more manufacturers are coming out with hybrid cars the price is coming down to nearly the price of a conventional model. In addition, the choices are improving. Very small vehicles that are capable of fuel economy in the range of 100 miles per gallon are available, as are luxury models and even large SUV’s capable of pulling and carrying heavy loads.



By: Beverly Saltonstall

About the Author:
Beverly Saltonstall is an environmental writer. Visit http://pollutionwebsite.com for news, podcasts, articles and guides covering many aspects of recycling. To understand recycling, read Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Recycling, But Never Dared to Ask. (available on website)



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mazda
Mazda Motor Company adheres to the belief that everybody needs to contribute in having a clean environment as it believes in creating environmental consciousness through its business activities this year.

June 5 is the annual World Environment Day. On this day, it is expected that political attention and action will be enhanced as the public puts into consideration environmental awareness and issues.

One of the major reasons of increasing environmental hazards is motor vehicles. However, Mazda, instead of being part of such reason, contributes to the betterment of the environment. The car company consistently keeps an eye on the environmental impact of each angle of its operations and carries on a continued effort at keeping a clean environment. It does such act whether dealing with cars in production, on the road, or at the end of their life.

Mazda puts high emphasis on minimizing the environmental load of the whole vehicle lifecycle. It manufactures clean-energy vehicles, which is done through employing production technologies and know-how that have little or no environmental impact.

Mazda was the first motor company that developed the first hydrogen-fueled rotary engine. In 2006, they used it for sale in the RX8 Hydrogen RE. Through blending hydrogen and oxygen to produce the required electricity, this kind of engine works. It only releases emits water as exhaust with no green house effect; that is without generating greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. That is not all! What is more interesting on this engine is that Mazda manages to achieve this result without compromising the torque, acceleration and exhaust tail note experience as compared to an internal combustion engine.

For the nth time, Mazda once again made a breakthrough in environmental concern when they became the first to introduce the unique Three Layer Wet Paint System. It was the first technology in the entire world to lessen Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and carbon.

This system of painting is a one-step baking and drying coating process. It applies three layers in succession-primer coat, base coat and clear coat-while still wet, without drying in between. The carbon dioxide emissions are lessening by 15 percent through the absence of the drying process. Aside from this, high-precision coating equipment yields gains in coating efficiency that leads to 50 percent reduction in VOC emissions. It is a new low solvent content paint that was developed by Mazda together with paint manufacturers.

Mazda is into continuous research and analyses to further enhance and manufacture vehicles that can conserve energy, minimize waste, remove air and water pollution and trim down chemical emissions that are hazardous. Mazda utilizes an effective and systematic operation system and at the same time enforcing efficient use of resources and hazardous wastes reduction.

Another proof of Mazda’s commitment to environmental concern is their Environmental Accounting System. This enables to find out the costs and benefits that are incurred by its environmental protection activities.

Moreover, Mazda trains their employees to inculcate in their minds environmental awareness. The company even encourages their staff to gather public qualifications in connection to the environment. Also, Mazda has environment education programmes that are set to a wide array of job profiles.

J D Power and Associates, a research firm in California, duly recognized the efforts of Mazda in environmental consciousness. As a matter of fact, among the most environmental friendly cars listed in their Automotive Environmental Index (AEI) study of 2006, the Mazda3 and MX5 are included.

S Kasthurirengan, the General Manager of Towell Auto Center, Oman said that ‘Mazda is renowned as a socially conscious company. According to the manager, it does several ways for it to maintain social responsibilities, for the benefit of man, in particular, and for the necessity of a greener planet, in general. He added that the company targets to promote environmental protection as the first corporate social responsibility and religiously maintains oneness with nature in every business activities around the world.

About Mazda Motor Corporation

A Japanese automotive manufacturer that is based in Hiroshima, Japan, Mazda Motor Corporation is the maker of quality, top of the line, environment friendly exhaust parts such as Mazda intermediate pipe. Such auto part is a component of the entire exhaust system that is in charge of managing the gases being produced in the combustion chamber.

In addition to that, Mazda is also a well known producer of different types of vehicles and their parts.

The company is expected to produce 1.25 million vehicles annually as of 2006. Among Japan, Europe, North America, and Latin America, its sales will be evenly divided.

Mazda’s 33.4% of controlling interest is controlled by the Ford Motor Company.



By: Kraig Johanssen

About the Author:

Kraig Johanssen is a native of Connecticut and holds a degree in Software Engineering. He now works at a software development firm in Alabama. His love for writing and great interest on cars makes him a proficient contributing author to various automotive magazines.



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BMW
BMW – a reputation built on quality without compromise

 As an experienced driver, you know the importance of keeping your BMW in tip-top condition. Regular servicing will extend your car’s life and identify defects before they become catastrophic.

When you consider the history of BMW and how the Company has built its global reputation for prestige and performance excellence, booking a BMW service that is conducted with care and precision is vitally important in retaining the characteristics of this prestige car.

BMW facts you may not know

BMW has its roots in pre-First World War German aviation.

Gustav Otto, son of the inventor of the four-stroke internal combustion engine, set up an aircraft factory and training school in 1910. However, after persistent quality problems with production, his business was bought by a consortium in 1916. The company became known as Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (BFW) and began manufacturing aircraft under licence from Albatros Werke. It soon became the largest aircraft manufacturer in Bavaria, but at the end of the First World War demand collapsed.

Meanwhile, in 1913 an engine designer Karl Rapp had set up an aircraft engine manufacturing company, but vibration problems with their own engines meant that they switched production to Austro-Daimler V12 engines, under licence. A man called Franz Josef Popp was put in to supervise the manufacturing. He managed to persuade Karl Rapp to employ a talented design engineer from Daimler, Max Friz. Friz quickly designed a new engine and made such an impact with the investors, that Karl Rapp was ousted from the business in 1917. At this point the company name was changed from Rapp Motorenwerke GmbH to Bayerische Motorenwerke BmbH (BMW).

However, in December 1918, BMW was forced to close down by the government at the end of the First World War. However, in less than three months BMW was allowed to reopen and began designing a new array of engines, although the company was forced to cease aircraft engine production. At this point, an Austrian financier, Camillo Castiglioni, had become the majority shareholder in BMW.

In the summer of 1919, BMW began building brake assemblies under licence from Knorr-Bremse AG, and around a year later Castiglioni sold his shares in BMW to Knorr-Bremse.

Following the sale of his stake in BMW, Castiglioni became interested in purchasing BFW which he completed in 1922. On the back of this, he moved to purchase back the BMW name and engine building division from Knorr-Bremse. He was successful, and with the merger of BFW and BMW, under the BMW name, he also secured the design and management skills of Max Friz and Franz Josef Popp, plus valuable engine drawings and patents.

BMW began production of replacement engines, whilst Castiglioni did a lucrative deal with the Czechs to licence the production of BMW aircraft engines for use by their military.

During the 1920s, BMW supplied Russia with aircraft engines and Castiglioni, as well as being the majority shareholder, siphoned off a brokerage fee on every transaction to his ‘private’ companies.

Along with military engines, BMW began to successfully manufacture small agricultural engines and motorcycles, starting with the R 32 in 1923. These formed the basis of the project to design a BMW production car in 1925. Then in 1928 the company expanded into full car production with the purchase of the Eisenach Car Factory that made the Dixi (or Austin Seven manufactured under license). The car became known as the BMW 3/15 and it was not long before BMW was producing its own designs.

However, Castiglioni’s business dealings got himself and BMW into trouble. After selling a majority shareholding to Deutsche Bank in 1926, to raise personal funds, his irregular commission payments were duly revealed. He settled out of court with a large payment back to BMW and stepped down from the board. In 1929, he sold the remainder of his shared to Deutsche Bank to prop up his finances.

The Castiglioni affair had also cost BMW. The Russian government became aware of the ‘commission’ payments and demanded compensation. BMW handed over a licence to produce the BMW VI engine for free and relations with the Russians came to an end in the early 1930s.

After successful expansion of the motorcycle and car businesses in the 1930s, BMW was forced to abandon civilian production by the National Socialist Party during the Second World War and focus on the production of aircraft engines. This included the use of forced labour.

Towards the end of the war, BMW was hit hard by allied bombing and when the war ended, the sites in eastern Germany were seized by the Russians. Meanwhile, whilst BMW survived in the West, they were banned from manufacturing engines for three years and BMW car plans and their chief designer Fritz Fiedler were taken to England to begin Bristol Cars. And so it was not until 1948 that production of BMW motorcycles recommenced and not until 1952 that car production was started again.

The initial post-war car models, such as the 507 and 503, were not highly profitable and in 1959, BMW discussed selling the business to Daimler-Benz. This was an unpopular move with the workforce, and fortunately Chairman Kurt Golda increased his stake in the company to secure BMW’s independence.

During the 1960s the release of more sporty models spelt success for BMW. The BMW 1500 (that followed the BMW 700) led to the BMW 1600 and BMW 1800 models and in 1967 two door and convertible models that became known as the BMW 02 series. These developments eventually led to the creation of the famous BMW 3 series.

The company expanded, with new production facilities and a new headquarters in Munich.

Going into the 1970s, the BMW 5 series replaced the sedans, the coupes were replaced with the BMW 3 series and a new BMW 7 series was launched, thereby giving BMW three distinct sports sedan ranges that continued into the 1990s.

BMW became a global brand in prestige car manufacturing and sales increased 18 times. Production expanded from Germany and has spread to across continents, including facilities in the UK, America, South Africa and India. The company has also formed partnerships over time with Russian and Chinese producers.

In the mid 1990s, BMW bought Rover from British Aerospace. However, the company struggled to find a role for the English brands and make a profit. In 2000 it disposed of Rover to Phoenix Venture Holdings and sold the Land Rover brand to Ford. However, BMW retained the Mini, Triumph and other brands. BMW has since successfully rekindled the Mini brand and also gone on to secure full use of the Rolls Royce brand (in 2003).

From its humble origins as pre-First World War makers of aircraft and aircraft engines, BMW has survived as a result of post-war entrepreneurial spirit and grown rapidly to become a major global player in the prestige car market.

Book your BMW service with confidence

So when you book your next BMW service, you can be confident that Service A Car understands the heritage of BMW and conducts BMW servicing with the passion and precision your prestige car deserves.

Happy motoring,

Howard.

Chairman Service A Car



By: Howard Thomas

About the Author:

Service A Car is the fastest growing independent car servicing specialist in the UK with a network of over 500 garages nationwide.



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